Best Flamenco Guitars 2026
Alright, so you're chasing that raw, percussive Flamenco vibe? It's a beautiful thing, but a standard classical guitar just won't cut it. Flamenco guitars are built for a different kind of attack, a different kind of feel, and a different kind of sound - that dry, snappy response you hear in Paco de Lucía's recordings. This isn't about lush sustain; it's about articulate rasgueados and a quick, responsive action that lets you really dig in.
Last updated: September 6, 2026
⚡ The best flamenco guitars in 2026 are Ibanez GA380CE-NT (top pick), Alhambra 10 Fc Flamenco incl. Case for tighter budgets, and Cordoba GK Pro Negra for pros — selected from 15 options across 7 brands, priced $266–$10,156, ranked by brand, price and popularity.
Ibanez GA380CE-NT
by
Ibanez
Nut width
46 mm (1.81")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
24 frets
Fingerboard radius
400 mm (15.75")
Fingerboard
Rosewood fingerboard
Latin
Spanish Classical
World Music
Key Feature:
This guitar plays loud thanks to its solid spruce top and flamenco bracing. The cutaway shape makes reaching high notes easy, and the pickup lets you play in any room. It suits players who want a big, traditional Spanish sound without extra cost.
PROS
- • Solid German spruce top drives strong volume
- • Flamenco fan bracing supports heavy attack
- • Cutaway design gives easy access to high frets
- • Undersaddle pickup offers clear amplified tone
CONS
- • Okoume neck is softer than typical tonewoods
- • Weight is not specified so it may feel heavy
- • No electronics specs listed beyond basic compatibility
⭐
4.9/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
9/10
Value:
6/10
Art. 640494
$812
#2
⭐
4.8/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
9/10
Value:
2/10
Alhambra 10 Fc Flamenco incl. Case
by
Alhambra
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
18 frets
Flamenco
Spanish Classical
World Music
Key Feature:
The Alhambra 10 Fc is a serious contender for aspiring flamenco guitarists. Its solid wood construction gives it a lively, articulate sound perfect for percussive techniques, and the ebony fingerboard makes those rapid rasgueados a breeze. This is a beautifully made instrument offering excellent value for a traditionally-built, Spanish-made flamenco guitar.
PROS
- • Solid spruce top delivers a bright, responsive flamenco tone
- • Solid cypress back/sides provide warmth and projection
- • Ebony fingerboard offers smooth, fast playing experience
- • Luxury Gold tuners ensure stable and precise tuning
CONS
- • The nitrocellulose lacquer can feel a bit thick to some players
- • Cypress construction can be prone to slight movement with humidity changes
- • While versatile for classical, it’s highly specialized for flamenco
⭐
4.8/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
9/10
Value:
2/10
Art. 524885
$2,532
#3
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Cordoba GK Pro Negra
by
Cordoba
Nut width
50 mm (1.97")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
19 frets
Flamenco
Spanish Classical
Latin
Key Feature:
The GK Pro Negra is a fantastic choice for serious flamenco players wanting a professional instrument. The solid woods give it a focused, traditional sound with a surprising amount of projection, and the Fishman pickup makes it stage-ready. It’s a beautifully crafted guitar that bridges the gap between traditional build and modern amplification.
PROS
- • Solid European spruce top delivers a bright, responsive, and articulate flamenco tone.
- • Indian rosewood back and sides add warmth and sustain, balancing the spruce's brightness.
- • Fishman Prefix ProBlend pickup system provides a very usable amplified sound, surprisingly natural.
- • Cordoba Premium gold machine heads offer smooth, precise tuning stability for demanding players.
CONS
- • High tension Savarez strings require a strong technique and may not suit beginners.
- • Solid Indian rosewood makes it a premium-priced instrument, a significant investment.
- • Cutaway, while adding accessibility, slightly compromises the traditional flamenco aesthetic.
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Art. 345879
$2,207
#4
⭐
4.8/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
3/10
Alhambra 8 Fc Flamenco incl. Case
by
Alhambra
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
18 frets
World Music
Latin
Traditional Music
Key Feature:
The Alhambra 8 Fc is a fantastic entry point into serious flamenco playing. The solid woods offer a surprisingly mature sound for the price, and the ebony fingerboard makes those rasgueados and picados a joy. It's ideal for intermediate players looking for an authentic flamenco feel without the premium price tag of a concert-level instrument.
PROS
- • Solid spruce top delivers bright, responsive flamenco tone.
- • Solid cypress back & sides add warmth and projection.
- • Ebony fingerboard offers smooth, fast playing experience.
- • Luxury Gold machine heads provide reliable tuning stability.
CONS
- • Cypress can be prone to cracking with extreme humidity changes.
- • Flamenco bracing limits suitability for non-flamenco styles.
- • The natural finish might show minor scratches more readily.
⭐
4.8/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
3/10
Art. 524868
$1,858
#5
⭐
4.8/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
9/10
Value:
3/10
Hanika Flamenco KF
by
Hanika
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
19 frets
Latin
Percussive Playing
Traditional Music
Key Feature:
The Hanika KF is a seriously well-made flamenco guitar – a real step up for intermediate to advanced players. The solid cherry back and sides give it that traditional warmth, while the Thermo Spruce top keeps things bright and responsive for those fast, percussive flamenco rhythms. It’s a great option for someone looking for a reliable, professional-grade instrument without the ultra-premium price tag.
PROS
- • Solid cherry back/sides deliver a warm, responsive tone suitable for rasgueados
- • Thermo Spruce top provides excellent projection and clarity without excessive brightness
- • Rubner machine heads ensure precise tuning stability, crucial for demanding flamenco playing
- • Grenadilla fingerboard offers a smooth, comfortable playing experience and beautiful aesthetics
CONS
- • Thermo wood construction, while sustainable, may lack the complexity of aged tonewoods
- • High gloss finish, while visually appealing, can be prone to fingerprints and smudging
- • Relatively narrow nut width (52 mm) might feel cramped for players with larger hands
⭐
4.8/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
9/10
Value:
3/10
Art. 532254
$1,742
Alhambra 5F Flamenco incl. Gigbag
by
Alhambra
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
18 frets
Flamenco
Latin
Percussive Playing
Key Feature:
This Spanish-built guitar feels great under your hand with its solid spruce top and comfortable mahogany neck. The sycamore body gives it a warm sound that cuts through a band without being harsh. It is a solid choice for players who want a reliable workhorse for live gigs, though the melamine nut is a small compromise on quality.
PROS
- • Solid spruce top drives a bright, responsive attack perfect for rasgueado techniques.
- • Sycamore back and sides offer a warm, complex midrange with good sustain.
- • Ergo neck profile provides comfortable playability for players with smaller hands.
- • Ebony fretboard and bridge deliver clear articulation and strong low-end definition.
CONS
- • Melamine nut is a budget material that may wear down faster than bone.
- • No weight specification provided makes it hard to judge playability comfort.
- • 52mm nut width might feel wide for some players with narrower hand spans.
⭐
4.8/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
5/10
Art. 524833
$1,103
Alhambra 5Fp OP Pinana incl. Gigbag
by
Alhambra
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
18 frets
Flamenco
World Music
Spanish Classical
Key Feature:
The Alhambra 5Fp OP Pinana is a fantastic entry point into serious flamenco guitar playing. The solid cedar top gives it that characteristic bright, percussive sound, and the rosewood back adds warmth. It's a great choice for intermediate players looking for authentic flamenco feel without a premium-priced investment.
PROS
- • Solid cedar top delivers a warm, responsive, and articulate flamenco tone.
- • Rosewood back and sides add depth and sustain, crucial for percussive playing.
- • Ebony fingerboard provides smooth, fast action and excellent note definition.
- • Open Pore Nature finish allows the wood to breathe, enhancing resonance and projection.
CONS
- • The open pore finish, while aesthetically pleasing, requires more diligent care to prevent moisture damage.
- • Mahogany neck, while stable, can be slightly less stiff than some higher-end alternatives for extreme bending.
- • The gig bag is functional, but a hard case would offer superior protection for transport.
⭐
4.8/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
5/10
Art. 524844
$1,068
Cordoba GK Studio Limited
by
Cordoba
Nut width
50 mm (1.97")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
19 frets
Spanish Classical
Flamenco
Latin
Key Feature:
The GK Studio Limited is a beautifully crafted flamenco guitar – it’s got that percussive snap and quick response that’s crucial for authentic palmas and rasgueados. The solid spruce top really shines here, and the Fishman pickup system is a huge bonus for performance. This is ideal for serious flamenco students or players wanting a professional-grade instrument without the absolute top-tier price tag.
PROS
- • Solid spruce top delivers bright, responsive projection and clarity
- • Ziricote back and sides add warmth and a sophisticated aesthetic
- • Fishman Presys pickup system provides excellent amplified tone and convenient tuning
- • Maple binding adds visual appeal and reinforces the guitar’s structural integrity
CONS
- • Ziricote can be a bit brittle and prone to minor cosmetic issues
- • The GK Studio’s sound leans heavily towards flamenco, limiting versatility for other styles
- • While playable, the 50mm nut width may feel narrow for some players
⭐
4.9/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
10/10
Value:
5/10
Art. 366002
$987
Cordoba F7 Paco Flamenco Iberia
by
Cordoba
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
19 frets
Flamenco
Percussive Playing
Latin
Key Feature:
The Cordoba F7 Paco Flamenco Iberia is a fantastic entry point into the world of flamenco. It nails the traditional sound and feel, thanks to the cedar top and rosewood back, and Paco's signature neck profile makes it surprisingly accessible. This guitar is ideal for aspiring flamenco players or those wanting a dedicated, quality instrument without a premium-priced tag.
PROS
- • Solid cedar top delivers a bright, responsive, and flamenco-appropriate tone
- • Rosewood back and sides provide warmth and sustain for a balanced sound
- • Traditional neck profile offers comfortable playability for various hand sizes
- • Cordoba's machine heads provide stable tuning, crucial for demanding flamenco rhythms
CONS
- • High-tension strings demand stronger fingers; may be challenging for beginners
- • Cedar top is susceptible to humidity changes, requiring careful maintenance
- • While versatile, it's primarily designed for flamenco and less suited for other styles
⭐
4.9/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
9/10
Value:
6/10
Art. 365998
$661
Thomann Classica Flamenco 1F
by
Thomann
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Frets
19 frets
World Music
Traditional Music
Flamenco
Key Feature:
The Thomann Classica Flamenco 1F is a surprisingly capable entry-level flamenco guitar. It’s a solid choice for students or players just getting into the style, offering a bright and percussive tone without breaking the bank. The Portuguese build means it’s generally well-made for the price point.
PROS
- • Solid spruce top delivers bright, responsive flamenco tone.
- • Portuguese construction ensures respectable build quality and consistency.
- • Mahogany neck provides comfortable feel and good sustain.
- • Acacia fingerboard offers a slightly softer playing experience.
CONS
- • Maple back and sides can sound a little boxy compared to rosewood.
- • High gloss finish might be a bit too reflective for some players’ preference.
- • 19 frets limit access to higher registers; less versatile for non-flamenco styles.
⭐
4.9/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
6/10
Value:
9/10
Art. 380931
$266
#11
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Alhambra JMV Flamenco Cipres
by
Alhambra
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Fingerboard
Ebony fingerboard
Traditional Music
Spanish Classical
Flamenco
Key Feature:
This guitar feels like a true masterclass instrument with its solid spruce top and cypress body. The ergonomic neck design helps players get comfortable quickly. It suits players who love a bright, articulate sound without needing electronics.
PROS
- • Solid AAA spruce top for strong, responsive attack
- • Solid cypress back and sides for bright, cutting tone
- • Ergoneck profile makes playability comfortable for all hands
- • Handmade in Spain by master Juan Maria Vilaplana
CONS
- • No frets listed, so fingerboard finish may vary
- • Weight is not provided in the product details
- • Lack of pickup system limits stage use options
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Art. 620799
$10,156
#12
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
7/10
Value:
2/10
Juan Hernandez Luthier Flamenca SP
Nut width
51 mm (2.01")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Fingerboard
Ebony fingerboard
Traditional Music
Spanish Classical
Latin
Key Feature:
This Juan Hernandez SP is a serious flamenco guitar, built in a small workshop near Valencia with exceptional attention to detail. The solid spruce top provides incredible projection, while the Special Cypress back delivers that authentic, percussive 'cuenca' sound. It's perfect for the dedicated flamenco player who appreciates a truly handcrafted instrument and is willing to invest in a premium-priced, authentic experience.
PROS
- • Exceptional projection thanks to the solid spruce top
- • Special Cypress back delivers characteristic 'cuenca' tone
- • Impeccable craftsmanship evident in decorative bindings
- • Gold-plated machine heads offer smooth, reliable tuning
CONS
- • High-gloss finish may be slippery for some players
- • Special Cypress can be prone to movement with humidity changes
- • Flamenco guitars are inherently less versatile than classical models
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
7/10
Value:
2/10
Art. 515911
$4,298
#13
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Ramirez G-Line FLA-R Negra
by
Ramirez
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
660 mm (25.98")
Fingerboard
Ebony fingerboard
Traditional Music
Spanish Classical
Percussive Playing
Key Feature:
This guitar has a bright spruce top and warm rosewood body for a balanced sound. The solid construction and Spanish heel make it feel sturdy in your hands. It suits players who want pure acoustic tone without extra electronics.
PROS
- • Solid spruce top offers bright, responsive attack
- • Solid rosewood back and sides add warmth
- • Original Spanish heel joint ensures stability
- • Bone nut and saddle provide clear contact
CONS
- • Heavy weight may strain smaller players
- • No built-in electronics for amplification
- • Natural finish shows dust easily
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Art. 651847
$2,556
#14
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Ramirez G-Line FLA-C Blanca
by
Ramirez
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
660 mm (25.98")
Fingerboard
Ebony fingerboard
Spanish Classical
Flamenco
Percussive Playing
Key Feature:
This guitar feels like a classic instrument built for the stage. The spruce top sings instantly, while the cypress body keeps the sound balanced and full. It suits players who want traditional Spanish construction with modern string choices for a clear tone.
PROS
- • Solid spruce top drives a bright, responsive attack perfect for rasgueado techniques.
- • Solid cypress back and sides add warmth and projection without adding bulk.
- • Original Spanish heel joint ensures structural integrity and traditional playability.
- • Hannabach carbon treble strings deliver consistent tension and clear high-end response.
CONS
- • Natural high-gloss finish may show wear more easily than matte coatings.
- • No electronic pickups or preamps included for amplified performance.
- • Standard 660 mm scale length limits reach for very large hands.
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Art. 651845
$2,556
#15
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Alhambra 10 Fp Pinana Flamenco
by
Alhambra
Nut width
52 mm (2.05")
Scale
650 mm (25.59")
Fingerboard
Ebony fingerboard
Spanish Classical
Traditional Music
Flamenco
Key Feature:
This Spanish-made guitar shines with its bright red cedar top and unique Sudoku bracing. The reinforced ebony neck makes it durable for aggressive playing styles. It comes with a case and extra parts for easy setup.
PROS
- • Solid red cedar top drives a bright, fast response.
- • Sudoku bracing offers a unique, articulate voice.
- • Reinforced ebony neck handles heavy playing strain.
- • Included bone saddle and extra saddle ensure playability.
CONS
- • No fret wire specification listed in the details.
- • Natural satin finish may not suit all aesthetics.
- • Weight is not provided for comfort testing.
⭐
4.7/5
AudioFu Score
Specs:
10/10
Detail:
8/10
Value:
2/10
Art. 575333
$2,416
Every flamenco guitars that matches
30 models match this page. The 15 above are covered in detail; the rest are listed here with their published specifications.
| # | Model | Specifications | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | Amalio Burguet Fnegra DV Spruce Flamenco | Nut width 52 mm (2.05") · Scale 650 mm (25.59") · Fingerboard Ebony fingerboard | $2,207 |
| 17 | Manuel Rodriguez SUPERIOR Flamenco GK-RO-RCE | Nut width 50 mm (1.97") · Scale 660 mm (25.98") · Fingerboard Ebony fingerboard | $2,085 |
| 18 | Manuel Rodriguez SUPERIOR Flamenco GK-RO-Y | Nut width 50 mm (1.97") · Scale 660 mm (25.98") · Fingerboard Ebony fingerboard | $1,658 |
| 19 | Manuel Rodriguez SUPERIOR Flamenco GK-RO-R | Nut width 50 mm (1.97") · Scale 660 mm (25.98") · Fingerboard Ebony fingerboard | $1,658 |
| 20 | Hanika Flamenco ZF | Nut width 52 mm (2.05") · Scale 650 mm (25.59") | $4,648 |
| 21 | Amalio Burguet 2F Spruce Flamenco | Nut width 52 mm (2.05") · Scale 650 mm (25.59") | $2,033 |
| 22 | Alhambra 7FCCTE2 Flamenco | Nut width 50 mm (1.97") · Scale 650 mm (25.59") | $1,812 |
| 23 | Alhambra 7FC Flamenco incl.Gig Bag | Nut width 52 mm (2.05") · Scale 650 mm (25.59") | $1,278 |
| 24 | Manuel Rodriguez Superior Flamenco Sabicas C3-F | Nut width 52 mm (2.05") · Scale 660 mm (25.98") | $1,011 |
| 25 | Alhambra 4F Flamenco incl.Gig Bag | Nut width 52 mm (2.05") · Scale 650 mm (25.59") | $882 |
| 26 | Alhambra 3F-G Flamenco incl.Gig Bag | Nut width 52 mm (2.05") · Scale 650 mm (25.59") | $696 |
| 27 | Alhambra 2F Flamenco incl.Gig Bag | Nut width 52 mm (2.05") · Scale 650 mm (25.59") | $556 |
| 28 | Manuel Rodriguez Signature Legacy Gipsy Kings Y | Nut width 50 mm (1.97") · Fingerboard Ebony fingerboard | $5,694 |
| 29 | Manuel Rodriguez Signature Legacy Gipsy Kings R | Nut width 50 mm (1.97") · Fingerboard Ebony fingerboard | $5,694 |
| 30 | Manuel Rodriguez Flamenco FF Sabicas | Scale 660 mm (25.98") · Fingerboard Ebony fingerboard | $4,125 |
Flamenco Guitars by the numbers
Measured across all 30 models in this category, so «wide», «short» or «expensive» mean something you can check.
Price
median $1,812
from $556 to $5,694
Nut width
median 52 mm (2.05")
from 50 mm (1.97") to 52 mm (2.05") · 29 models
Scale
median 650 mm (25.59")
from 650 mm (25.59") to 660 mm (25.98") · 28 models
Fingerboard
ebony, rosewood
most common · 13 models
Frets
median 19
from 18 to 19 · 10 models
How to Choose the Best Flamenco Guitars
1
Top Wood
Spruce is common, but Cypress is the classic Flamenco choice. Spruce will give you a bit more projection and a slightly brighter, more modern tone. Cypress delivers that traditional, dry, almost brittle character and a fantastic 'honk' in the midrange that cuts through a band. It's a trade-off - Cypress isn't as loud, but it's the sound.
2
Back & Sides
Traditionally, Flamenco guitars use Cypress for the back and sides too, reinforcing that dry, percussive quality. Rosewood is occasionally found, offering a bit more warmth but sacrificing that crucial percussiveness. The wood density and figuring significantly impacts the guitar's responsiveness.
3
Bracing Pattern
Flamenco bracing is lighter and thinner than classical bracing, allowing for greater vibration and responsiveness. Look for a 'fan bracing' pattern, but the specifics (the number of braces, their placement) are critical to the guitar's overall tone and projection. A poorly executed bracing pattern can choke the sound.
4
Action & Neck Profile
Flamenco guitars demand a low action - lower than most classical guitars. This is essential for those rapid rasgueados. The neck profile should be comfortable for fast playing, and often slimmer than a classical neck. It's a personal preference, but it's vital to feel comfortable and have control.
5
Tap Plate/Golpeador
This thin plastic plate protecting the soundhole is non-negotiable. It's there to withstand the aggressive percussive techniques of Flamenco playing. The quality of the golpeador (material thickness, how well it's adhered) can affect the guitar's resonance - a cheap one can dampen the sound.
Buying Guide
Don't expect a Flamenco guitar to sound like a classical. That dry, percussive tone comes at the cost of sustain and a certain richness. Budget guitars often compensate by using lower-grade wood or overly thick finishes, which kills the responsiveness. Spending a bit more for a properly braced, traditionally built instrument with a decent golpeador is absolutely worth it - you'll feel the difference the moment you play it. If you're just starting out, consider a solid-top instrument to learn the techniques before investing in a full-on all-solid wood build.
How This List Is Built
We don't play these instruments — we're a catalog, not a review desk, and we'd rather say so than pretend otherwise. This page covers 30 flamenco guitars from the Thomann catalogue, which is the largest single source of specification data in this category: 15 in detail, the rest listed with their specifications.
Position is computed, not curated. We parse the manufacturer's own description into actual values — nut width, scale, fret count, fingerboard radius, size, alloy — and rank on them: how many specifications a model has published, how many of them are measurable numbers, and how precisely it meets this page's criterion. A product image adds a little. Price is not a ranking signal: it tells you nothing about whether a neck fits your hand. The same inputs always produce the same order, so nothing here is shuffled to look fresh.
What this list is good for: narrowing a category down to a shortlist by spec and budget. What it isn't: a substitute for hearing an instrument. Before you buy, read hands-on reviews and, where you can, play it. Full methodology.
Frequently Asked Questions
Technically, yes, but you'll be fighting it. The action will be too high, the tone too warm, and the responsiveness just isn't there. You'll be missing the core character of Flamenco.
'White' guitars typically use lighter, more resonant Cypress wood. 'Black' guitars often use denser Cypress, offering a slightly darker, more controlled tone. It's a generalization, though - wood density varies within each type.
Generally, no. While the lighter bracing makes them more responsive, they don't necessarily project louder. They're designed for a different tonal character, not raw volume.
Crucially important. It protects the top from damage, but a cheap, poorly adhered one can dampen the guitar's resonance. A good golpeador should feel integrated, not like an afterthought.
You're looking at a minimum of $800 for a decent, hand-built Flamenco guitar. Anything significantly cheaper will almost certainly cut corners somewhere, and you'll regret it when you're trying to nail those fast rasgueados.
